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Human breast milk changes pending time of day

Did you know that the formulation of human breast milk changes pending time of day, throughout the course of the day and night? *cue brain explosion* I remember when I first read the research on this, and so many dots fell into place. For those who exclusively breast feed (i.e., not pump), this may seem irrelevant. However, as a working mum, who had both children start day-care at around the 6-month mark, whilst also wanting them to continue receiving the health benefits of breast milk, this was a revelation. Maybe this was the reason why my darling daughter was waking up, because she’d been fed breast milk that was pumped at 3pm?

Why does it matter? Whilst yes, you can feed your baby human breast milk that was pumped at 6am at 6pm, is it better to feed the baby milk that was pumped from a similar time of day? The answer is yes. And, whilst the following info is in no way intended for you to feel pressure to be able to pump human breast milk at specific times, science is science… so if it is practical for you to optimise the timing of pumping… why wouldn’t you?

Tell me more about the science

Human breast milk contains higher levels of cortisol and activity-promoting amino acids during the day, to promote alertness, feeding behaviour, and catabolic processes. During the night, human breast milk contains high levels of melatonin and tryptophan to foster sleep, relax digestion, and support cell restoration (Sanchez, 2013, Hahn-Holbrook, 2019). 

Tryptophan is an amino acid which is linked with promoting sleep through the tryptophan/serotonin pathway. There is a well- established link between intake of tryptophan in human breast milk, and sleep patterns of breast-fed infants (Richard, 2009). When examining the overall cycle of tryptophan in human breast milk, lowest levels are found mid-afternoon, with peak at around 3am. As is expected, the level of melatonin itself is highest overnight, dropping during the day (Cubero, 2007). 

So, what does this mean for the day to day?

Given what the science shows, if, like me, you rely on pumping through the day for milk for your baby for days to come, the following simple strategies can help ensure you are optimising your time as well.

  1. Pump at a similar time to what your baby will be fed. For example, if they usually take a milk feed at 11.30am, aim to pump at around 11.30am. If the exact time isn’t possible, aim to do it at as similar time to possible as you can. 
  2. Purchase a ‘pumping bra’, so your hands are free whilst you pump – this means you can churn through the emails/wash the dishes/check out cute photos from day-care whilst you pump, leaving you with less down time through the day.
  3. Label your freezer bags of human breast milk. Not just with name, date and volume, but also with the time you pumped. If you’re super organised you may even store in the freezer in sections (e.g. morning, afternoon, night etc).

The fact that human breast milk changes composition pending time of day really is one of those ‘how cool is the human body’ moments, and with a few little tweaks, you ensure you are getting the timing right, to optimise the time-of-day human breast milk composition for your bub.

This post was sponsored by NiMera.

From time to time I write sponsored posts such as this, however views are entirely my own, and I only ever collaborate with companies and brands who resonate with me.

References

Cubero J. et al; Neuroendocrinology Letters (2007); 28(4): 360-366; Chrononutrition applied to formula milks to consolidate infants’ sleep/wake cycle

Hahn-Holbrook, J., Saxbe, D., Bixby, C. et al. (2019), Human milk as “chrononutrition”: implications for child health and development. Pediatr Res 85, 936–942. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-019-0368-x

Heine W. et al; Amino Acids (1995); 9(3): 91; The significance of tryptophan in human nutrition

Richard D.M. et al; International Journal of Tryptophan Research (2009); 2: 45-60; L-Tryptophan: Basic Metabolic Functions, Behavioral Research and Therapeutic Indications

Lerner, Aaron and Shamir, R, (2000). Nucleotides in infant nutrition: An update. IMAJ, Vol2, p772-773.

Sánchez, C. L. et al. (2013). Evolution of the circadian profile of human milk amino acids during breast feeding J. Appl. Biomed 11, 59-70

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By using our Site or any Services, you agree to be bound by these Terms of Use and our Privacy Policy [insert hyperlink]. We may amend our Terms of Use or Privacy Policy at any time and will will use reasonable endeavours to notify you if we do so. If you do not agree to these Terms of Use or the Privacy Policy (or any subsequent amendments) you must cease using our Site and/or our Services immediately.

 

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Dietary Plans

 

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In addition to the other indemnities provided by you under these Terms of Use You agree to indemnify us and our officers, employees, agents, contractors and consultants from and against all actions, claims, proceedings or demands (including those brought by third parties) which may be brought against it or them, whether on their own or jointly with you in respect of any loss, death, injury, illness, damages, costs or expenses (but excluding consequential financial loss) where caused by any unlawful or negligent act or omission by you, your officers, employees, agents, contractors or consultants arising under these Terms of Use or from any other loss which may arise from or as a result of any breach of these Terms of Use or use of our Site or Services by you or your officers, employees, agents, contractors or consultants.

 

18. PRIVACY AND CHILD PROTECTION

In addition to our obligations under the Privacy Act and HRIP Act, we also comply with all Australian Child Protection legislation to the extent applicable.

 

19. MISCELLANEOUS

Variation and Waiver

A provision of or a right created by these Terms of Use cannot be waived except in writing signed by the party granting the waiver. No variation to or amendment of these Terms of Use can be made without the consent in writing of all of the parties.

 

Approvals and Consents

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Entire Agreement

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Governing Law and Jurisdiction

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Assignment

You must not novate, assign or subcontract the agreement contained in these Terms of Use or any of its obligations herein without our prior written consent.

 

Force Majeure

You agree that we are not responsible to you for anything that we may otherwise be responsible for, if it is the result of events beyond our control, including, but not limited to, acts of God, war, insurrection, riots, terrorism, crime, labor shortages (including lawful and unlawful strikes), embargoes, postal disruption, communication disruption, failure or shortage of infrastructure, shortage of materials, or any other event beyond our control.

 

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In the event that a provision of these Terms of Use is found to be unlawful, conflicting with another provision, or otherwise unenforceable, the agreement contained in these Terms of Use will remain in force as though it had been entered into without that unenforceable provision being included in it.

 

20. LEGAL NOTICE AMENDMENTS

We reserve the right to make any changes and corrections to this notice. Please refer to this page from time to time to review these Terms of Use and new additional information.

 

21. TERMINATION OF ACCESS 

Access to our Site may be terminated at any time by us without notice. These Terms of Use will nevertheless survive any such termination.



Privacy Policy

Chloe Jean McLeod ABN 55 475 296 020 (“Chloe McLeod Dietitian”, “us”, “we”, “our”), complies with the Privacy Act 1988 (Cth) (“Privacy Act”) and the applicable Privacy Principles in the Privacy Act when handling personal information, together with the Health Records and Information Privacy Act 2002 (NSW) (“HRIP Act”) (or such other State legislation as may apply in relation to health information at the time of collection) and the applicable Health Privacy Principles in the HRIP Act when handling personal information which is health information.

We take the protection of your personal information seriously. Personal information includes any information or opinion, whether true or not, about a person who is identified or whose identity can reasonably be established.

 

Collection:

We collect personal information for the purposes of delivering our products and services. We may collect information through our website www.chloemcleod.com (“Website”), or in the course of providing our services in person, verbally and/or in writing from time-to-time.

We collect personal information:

  • from our customers – when they register an enquiry, request an assessment for the purposes of nutritional counselling, purchase a nutritional or other health plan or associated package, purchase an eBook, or otherwise in the course of providing our services at any other time from time-to-time;
  • when we receive enquiries through the Website and when the Website is otherwise accessed or used;
  • when we receive enquiries via email; and
  • from third party service providers – when they are engaged to supply services to us (such as professional services), provide information to us or invoice us for the provision of services.

The kind of personal information we may collect will depend on who you are (e.g. a client or third party service provider) and the nature of your interaction with us, and may include your full name, email address, age, weight, and any medical conditions or allergies/intolerances, billing information and other personal information. If you do not provide us with all the information we request, we may not be able to deliver our services.

Some personal information we collect may include health information as defined in the HRIP Act. We collect health information from customers for the purposes of providing nutritional counselling and associated nutritional plans.

This enables us to safely, appropriately and accurately provide our services and assess the needs of our customer in the provision of our services and to generally assist in optimising the quality of our service.

 

Consent:

By engaging us or registering your details on our Website, and/or using our Website or supplying information or documents to us or otherwise engaging our services, you consent to us collecting, using and disclosing your personal information (including health information) for the purposes specified in this Privacy Policy. By registering your details on our Website, and/or using our Website you also agree to our Terms of Use.

 

Use:

We may use any personal information collected (excluding health information) to provide our services, operate the Website, send you our newsletter, respond to feedback and complaints, communicate with third party service providers, develop new services, or if needed to enforce our Disclaimer or Website Terms of Use with you. If you are a third party service provider, we will use your personal information to email you to accept your offer to provide services, correspond with you in relation to the provision of services and to pay your invoices.

In all cases, unless you have opted out, you consent to us using your personal information (excluding health information) for direct marketing purposes in order to tell you about our services. We may contact you by mail, telephone, email or SMS to market our products and services. We will always give you the opportunity to opt out of receiving any future direct marketing correspondence.

 

Health Information

We comply with the Health Privacy Principles set out in the HRIP Act in the collection, use and disclosure of all health information. We collect your health information:

  • from our customers when they request an assessment for the purposes of nutritional counselling, and/or purchase a nutritional plan or associated package;
  • as necessary for the provision of our services, but only as necessary for the provision of our services, or as otherwise in accordance with your consent, or as may be required by law including Court order;
  • only from you (or from someone authorised by you) (including your caregiver if you have one);
  • with care, taking reasonable steps to ensure your information remains confidential and that any persons we disclose it to in accordance with this Privacy Policy are also required to keep it confidential;
  • with accuracy, on the basis that you may at any time request a copy of the health information that we hold by emailing us at: chloe@verdenutrition.co. In the event our records are found to be inaccurate, we will rectify any inaccuracies on the basis of the further information you provide.
  •  

Disclosure and sharing:

We may disclose personal information (excluding health information) to third parties for purposes associated with your purchase of our services and to third party service providers we engage to help us deliver our services and for marketing purposes. We will only disclose personal information to additional third parties with your consent or if permitted or authorised to do so by law. Some places outside of Australia may not have adequate data protection laws at all or may offer differing levels of protection of personal information which are not as high as in Australia. By submitting personal information to us, you acknowledge that, provided we have used your personal information in the ways set out in this Privacy Policy, we cannot be held responsible for any use of your data by third parties located overseas who receive and process your data.

 

Data security and quality:

We will take reasonable steps to protect the personal information we collect and hold from misuse, loss and interference and from unauthorised access and modification, and to make sure it is accurate, complete and up-to-date when we collect, use or disclose it.

To assist us, please ensure you provide us with your correct details, and let us know if you believe the information we have about you is inaccurate, incomplete, out of date or misleading (and we will take reasonable steps to correct the information). We may take steps to destroy or permanently de-identify information when it is no longer needed for any purpose for which it may be used or disclosed. We may retain and use de-identified information.

Our Website: www.chloemcleod.com 

 

Cookies:

We may use “cookies”; technology to store data on your computer using the functionality of your browser. Many websites do this because cookies allow the website publisher to do useful things like find out whether the computer has visited the site before.

You can modify your browser to prevent cookie use – but if you do this our service (and our Website) may not work properly. The information stored in the cookie is used to identify you. This enables us to operate an efficient service and to track the patterns of behaviour of visitors to our Website.

In the course of serving advertisements to our Website (if any), third-party advertisers or ad servers may place or recognise a unique cookie on your browser. The use of cookies by such third party advertisers or ad servers is not subject to this Privacy Policy, but is subject to their own respective privacy policies.

 

Access, correction and complaints:

You can request, and we will provide you with access to, any personal information we hold about you (including any health information) (subject to any applicable legal exceptions). Please also let us know if you have any concerns or complaints about the way we are handling your personal information so we can address them. Requests should be submitted by email to: chloe@verdenutrition.co. Where our records are found to be inaccurate, we will promptly rectify any inaccuracies on the basis of the further information you provide.

 

Transfer in certain circumstances:

If there is a sale, merger, consolidation, change in control, transfer of substantial assets, reorganisation or liquidation of us then, in our sole discretion, we may transfer, sell or assign personal information collected to one or more relevant third parties.

 

Changes to this Privacy Policy:

This Privacy Policy forms part of our Terms of Use and therefore the agreement between you and us (either in your capacity as a client or a third-party service provider). We may, from time to time, amend this Privacy Policy, in whole or part, in our sole discretion. Any changes to this Privacy Policy will be effective immediately upon the posting of the revised Privacy Policy on www.chloemcleod.com.Depending on the nature of the change, we may announce the change on the www.chloemcleod.comhomepage or by email (if we have your email address). However, in any event, by continuing to use the Website and/or our service following any changes, you will be deemed to have agreed to such changes. If you do not agree with the terms of this Privacy Policy, as amended from time to time, in whole or part, you must terminate your use of the Website and inform us immediately prior to any further receipt of our services.

 

Contact us:

If you have any questions about this Privacy Policy, or if you wish to request access to your personal information, correct or update you details or raise any privacy concerns you may have, please contact us at: chloe@verdenutrition.co 

For further information on your privacy rights go to: www.privacy.gov.au

For further information on the HRIP Act, go to:

http://www.ipc.nsw.gov.au/hrip-act

http://www.ipc.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/file_manager/FS-HPPs-for-agencies-May14-ACC_0.pdf